A definitive repository of documented war crimes, occupation records, and international human rights reports.
Operational Folders
South Africa
v. Israel
Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. Provisional measures indicating immediate military suspension and humanitarian access.
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Total archival capacity. 42,891 verified exhibits across all operational nodes.
Documented fatalities in Gaza since October 2023. Ministry of Health figures, cross-referenced with UN OCHA satellite data.
View ICJ ExhibitsContinuous siege of the Gaza Strip since 2007. Land, air, and sea blockade documented under Articles 33 and 55 of the Fourth Geneva Convention.
Open Siege Documents
The Founding Mandates
- Balfour Declaration
- UN Partition Plan
- Oslo Accords
- ICJ Wall Opinion
The Balfour Declaration
A letter from British Foreign Secretary Arthur James Balfour to Lord Walter Rothschild, a leader of the British Jewish community, announcing the government's support for "the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people."
The declaration explicitly stated that "nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine." This clause, largely unenforceable, became the contested legal foundation for the subsequent Mandate period.
Palestinian Arabs, who comprised approximately 90% of the population at the time, were not consulted and were referred to in the letter only as "existing non-Jewish communities." This omission has been cited by international legal scholars as the foundational document of the Palestinian dispossession.
UN Resolution 181: The Partition Plan
The United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181 recommended the partition of British-administered Mandatory Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states, with Jerusalem under a Special International Regime (corpus separatum).
Under the plan, the proposed Jewish state would cover approximately 56% of Mandatory Palestine, despite Jewish land ownership representing roughly 7% of total territory. The Arab population, comprising the majority, was allocated approximately 44% despite being economically and geographically dominant.
The Arab Higher Committee and surrounding Arab states rejected the plan as legally invalid, arguing the UN lacked authority to partition a territory against the wishes of the majority. The Jewish Agency accepted it. The plan's implementation was superseded by the 1948 Arab-Israeli War and the Nakba.
The Oslo Accords
A series of agreements between the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and the Government of Israel aimed at achieving a peace settlement. The Oslo I Accord established the Palestinian Authority (PA) and a framework for interim self-governance over portions of the West Bank and Gaza Strip.
The accords established a five-year transitional period leading to a final-status solution on core issues including Jerusalem, refugees, settlements, and borders. All final-status issues remain unresolved more than thirty years later.
Critics note that during the Oslo period (1993–2023), the number of Israeli settlers in the West Bank increased from approximately 110,000 to over 700,000, effectively foreclosing the geographic possibility of a contiguous Palestinian state envisioned by the agreements.
ICJ Advisory Opinion: The Wall
The International Court of Justice delivered an advisory opinion on the legal consequences of the construction of a wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory. The Court found, by 14 votes to 1, that the construction of the wall and associated régime are contrary to international law.
Israel was obligated to cease construction, dismantle the wall, and make reparations for damage caused. The Court found the wall's route — extending deep into occupied West Bank territory — to violate Palestinian rights to self-determination and breached several provisions of international humanitarian law.
The UN General Assembly subsequently adopted Resolution ES-10/15 calling for Israel to comply with the ruling. Israel refused. The advisory opinion has been cited in subsequent ICJ proceedings, including the South Africa v. Israel case of 2023.
